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Martha Maria Norelius (January 21, 1909 – September 25, 1955) was a Swedish-born American competition swimmer, Olympic gold medalist, and former world record-holder in five different freestyle swimming events. Norelius was born in Stockholm, Sweden in 1909.〔Sports-Reference.com, Olympic Sports, Athletes, ( Martha Norelius ). Retrieved April 4, 2015.〕 Her father was Swedish Olympic swimmer Charles Norelius, who was also her swimming coach. She was first recognized for her swimming and diving skills just after her seventh birthday, at an exhibition at the Greenbrier pool, where her father was a swimming instructor. At the age of 15, she represented the United States at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris.〔〔"( Olympic Swimmer Is Fifteen Years Old )," ''Oakland Tribune'', p. 2D (August 17, 1924). Retrieved April 4, 2015.〕 Norelius won the gold medal in the women's 400-meter freestyle in 1924, setting a new Olympic record (6:02.2), and edging fellow Americans Helen Wainwright (6:03.8) and Gertrude Ederle (6:04.8). Four years later, at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, she won two more gold medals. First, in individual competition, she won the women's 400-meter freestyle, breaking her own record with a new world mark of 5:42.8, and defeating Dutch swimmer Marie Braun by fifteen seconds. In the women's 4×100-meter freestyle relay event, Norelius and her American teammates Eleanor Garatti, Adelaide Lambert and Albina Osipowich, won the gold medal and set a new world record in both the event final (4:47.6). Between 1925 and 1929, Norelius won eleven individual Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) titles and set at least 19 world and 30 American records. She remains the only woman to have received two Olympic back-to-back gold medals in the 400-meter freestyle. In 1929 she turned professional and won the ten-mile Wrigley Marathon in Toronto. There she met Canadian Olympic rower Joseph Wright, Jr., and later married him on March 15, 1930. Norelius died in 1955, following gall bladder surgery and was buried in Bellefontaine Cemetery.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.sos.mo.gov/images/archives/deathcerts/1955/1955_00030634.PDF )〕 She was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame as an "honor swimmer" in 1967. ==See also== * List of multiple Olympic gold medalists * List of Olympic medalists in swimming (women) * World record progression 200 metres freestyle * World record progression 400 metres freestyle * World record progression 800 metres freestyle * World record progression 1500 metres freestyle * World record progression 4 × 100 metres freestyle relay 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Martha Norelius」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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